SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Such a reproduction in which two organisms or two sex organisms participate, in which the fusion of gamete becomes zygote by gamete fuse and zygote develops into embryo and the embryo develops and creates new life, it is called sexual reproduction.


Sexual reproduction is more developed than Asexual reproduction by which new types of organisms are formed and creatures contain new properties. In some organisms, sex organisms are not found, yet the gamete is formed by the body part and gamete produces zygote together.

(वैसा reproduction जिसमे दो जीव  या दो सेक्स ऑर्गन भाग लेता हो, जिसमे gamete का fusion  होता है gamete  fuse  होकर zygote बनता है और zygote विकसीत होकर embryo बनता हो और embryo विकसीत होकर नए जिव का निर्माण करता है उसे Sexual reproduction कहते हैं।
Sexual reproduction  asexual reproduction की तुलना में अधिक  विकसीत है जिसके द्वारा नए प्रकार के जीवों का निर्माण होता है और जीवों में नए गुणों का समावेश होता है।  कुछ जीवों में सेक्स ऑर्गन नहीं पाए जाते हैं फिर भी उसमे  बॉडी के पार्ट के द्वारा ही gamete का निर्माण होता है और  gamete मिलकर  zygote  का निर्माण करता है। )

Or

The process of reproduction in which the two organisms composed by the combination of two gametes, is a new organism formed by zygote, called sexual reproduction. If the gametes are of the same shape then it is called homozygous. The combination of homozygotes is called conjugation. The zygote either leads directly into the plant or becomes the intermittent zygote that is called zygospore. This kind of sexual reproduction is called 'Conjugate'


There are two main types of sexual genetic procedure - meiosis division and fertilization.

In the eukaryotic fossil record, sexual reproduction was first shown in Proterozoic eon 1.2 billion years ago.

Nature of Organism

Two type → Haploid and diploid

In this nature, there are some such species which have single set of chromosome called Haploid Organism. Some organisms have a double set of chromosome, then it is called diploid organism.

 (इस प्रकृति में कुछ ऐसे जिव भी पाए जाते है जिसमे गुणसूत्र का एक सेट/ single set of chromosome  होता है उसे हैप्लोइड जीव (Haploid Organism) कहते हैं। कुछ जीवों में गुणसूत्र का डबल सेट (double set of chromosome) होता है तो उसे डिप्लोइड जीव (Diploid Organism) कहते हैं।)

formation of gamete

 Gamete is formed during sexual reproduction. For the production of gamete it contains the Meiosis cell division. 

(During sexual reproduction gamete is formed, for this there is a Meiosis cell division, during the Meiosis cell division crossing over, which gives new properties in gamete and in the organism

(Sexual reproduction के दौरान gamete का निर्माण होता है।  इसके लिए इसमें Meiosis cell division होता है,  Meiosis cell division के दौरान Crossing Over होता है जिससे gamete में और जीव में नए गुण आते है )

What is Meiosis cell division ?

In Meiosis cell division, chromosomes or chromosomal duplicate (during interfaces) and homogenous chromosomes exchange genetic information (chromosome crossover) during first division, which is called Meiosis cell division 1. Daughter cells are again divided into Meiosis cell division II, which divides sister chromatids to form haploid gamete.

(Meiosis cell division में, क्रोमोसोम या गुणसूत्र डुप्लिकेट (इंटरफेस के दौरान) और समरूप गुणसूत्र प्रथम विभाजन के दौरान अनुवांशिक सूचना (गुणसूत्र क्रॉसओवर) का आदान-प्रदान करते हैं, जिसे मीओसिस 1 कहा जाता है। बेटी कोशिकाएं फिर से मेयोसिस II में विभाजित होती हैं, जो बहन क्रोमैटिड्स को हप्लोइड गैमेट बनाने के लिए विभाजित करती हैं।)

The sexual reproduction is based on Gamete's size.

(a) Isogamy 

 sexual fusion of gametes of similar size and form

Isogamy is a form of Sexual reproduction that involves gamete of similar morphology (similar shape and size), differing in general only in allele expression  in one or more mating - type regions. Because both gametes look alike, they cannot be classified as "male" or "female". 

(b) Aniogamy 

1. sexual reproduction by the fusion of dissimilar gametes.
2. Anisogamy (also called heterogamy) is the form of sexual reproduction that involves the union or fusion of two gametes, which differ in size and form. (The related adjectives are anisogamous and anisogamic). The smaller gamete is considered to be male (sperm cell), whereas the larger gamete is regarded as female (egg cell).
3. 
   

There are several types of anisogamy. Both gametes may be flagellated and therefore motile. Alternatively, both of the gametes may be non-flagellated. The latter situation occurs in some algae and plants. In the red alga polysiphonia, non-motile eggs are fertilized by non-motile sperm. In flowering plants, the gametes are non-motile cells within gametophytes 

(c) Oogamy

Gamete के आकर के आधार पर Sexual reproduction निम्न प्रकार के होते हैं 

(1) What is gamete ? 

Ans ⇨ a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

(एक परिपक्व हैप्लोइड Male या Female रोगाणु कोशिका/ Germ cell जो  sexual reproduction में एक अन्य Gender के साथ एकजुट होने के लिए एकजुट हो सकती है।)

 What is Crossing Over

the exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring.

(homologous गुणसूत्रों के बीच जीन का आदान-प्रदान, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप संतान में माता-पिता की विशेषताओं का मिश्रण होता है।)

Share on Google Plus

About Study support

This is a short description in the author block about the author. You edit it by entering text in the "Biographical Info" field in the user admin panel.